ABSTRACT
Introduction: Osteoporosis is a major cause of fractures in middle aged individuals. There has been drastic increase in the number of osteoporotic patients over the past two decades. The relationship of osteoporosis and diabetes continues to be a topic of debate among research workers. Detection of osteoporosis is very important for oral diagnostics as it can bring changes in treatment plan and modifications in oral procedures. Current literature is directed at diagnosing this condition on dental radiographs. Objectives: The present study was aimed at detecting osteoporosis using digital dental radiographs of premolar and molar region using Adobe Photoshop CS2 software. Materials and methods: A total of 40 patients visiting the dental department who were already diagnosed with type II diabetes for minimum of 1 year Arch Oral Res. 2011 May/Aug.;7(2)169-75 Mutalik S, Goyal M, Sanghamesh B, Guttal SK, Naikmasur VG, Mutalik VS. 170 obesity, hyperglycemia and advanced glycation end products. Albright and Reifenstein were first to report low mineral density and risk of fracture in diabetic subjects in 1948 (3). The relationship between diabetes and osteoporosis continues to be debated among the research workers. A recent meta-analysis showed that diabetic patients had higher hip bone mineral density (BMD) than non-Diabetic controls suggesting that BMD values may not reflect bone fragility in diabetic patients (4). Bone density is determined by several modalities ranging from quantitative computed tomography (qCT) to dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) or peripheral ultrasound measurement. Each modality has been shown to be independently predictive of fracture risk, yet each has its own limitations (5). Introduction Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by reduced bone mineral density and micro architectural deterioration of bone tissue, with a consequent increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture. It is one of the most common...
Introdução: A osteoporose é uma das principais causas de fraturas em indivíduos de meia idade. Houve aumentodrástico no número de pacientes com osteoporose nas duas últimas décadas. A relação entre osteoporosee diabetes continua a ser um tema de debate entre os pesquisadores. A detecção da osteoporose é muitoimportante no diagnosticador bucal, uma vez que ela pode refletir em mudanças no plano de tratamento emodificações nos procedimentos bucais. O diagnóstico dessta condição por meio de radiografias dentais temsido discutido na literatura atual. Objetivos: O presente estudo teve como objetivo detectar a osteoporose utilizandoradiografias digitais dentais da região de pré-molar e molar utilizando o software Adobe PhotoshopCS2. Materiais e métodos: Um total de 40 pacientes que visitaram o departamento de odontologia e já previamentediagnosticados com diabetes tipo II no período mínimo de um ano foram selecionados aleatoriamentepara o estudo. Radiografias digitais intra-orais periapicais orais da região inferior de pré-molar e molar foramobtidos pela técnica de paralelismo. As imagens foram então convertidas em formato de arquivo bitmap eavaliadas usando o software Adobe Photoshop CS2. O número de trabéculas em uma área específica foi contadoe comparado com indivíduos saudáveis de mesma idade e sexo e controle glicêmico normal. Resultados:A média do número de trabéculas/mm2 em indivíduos normais foi 0,1987 ± 0,0244, e de 0,1737 ± 0,0279 parao grupo diabético, sendo a diferença estatisticamente significativa (p < 0,05). Conclusão: Este estudo confirmouque o número de trabéculas/mm2 em indivíduos diabéticos foi menor em comparação aos observados emindivíduos normais.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Diabetes Complications , Osteoporosis/complications , Osteoporosis , Bone Density , Case-Control Studies , Molar , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Radiography, Dental, DigitalABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Myofascial Pain Dysfunction Syndrome (MPDS) has been recognized as the most common, nontooth-related chronic orofacial pain condition that confronts dentists. A variety of therapies has been described in literature for its management. The present study is a prospective study carried out to evaluate the efficacy of occlusal splint therapy and compare it with pharmacotherapy (using analgesics and muscle relaxants) in the management of Myofascial Pain Dysfunction Syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty patients in the age range of 17-55 years were included in the study and randomly assigned to one of two equally sized groups, A and B. Group A patients received a combination of muscle relaxants and analgesics while Group B patients received soft occlusal splint therapy. All the patients were evaluated for GPI, VAS, maximum comfortable mouth opening, TMJ clicking and tenderness during rest and movement as well as for the number of tender muscles at the time of diagnosis, after the 1 st week of initiation of therapy and every month for three months of follow-up. RESULTS: There was a progressive decrease in GPI scores, number of tender muscles, TMJ clicking and tenderness with various jaw movements and significant improvement in mouth opening in patients on occlusal splint therapy during the follow-up period as compared to the pharmacotherapy group. CONCLUSION: Occlusal splint therapy has better long-term results in reducing the symptoms of MPDS. It has better patient compliance, fewer side effects, and is more cost-effective than pharmacotherapy; hence, it can be chosen for the treatment of patients with MPDS.